The "man in the moon," a.k.a. the moon's 1,800-mile feature, Oceanus Procellarum, may have been formed by a massive volcano, new research suggests.
Scientists used data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecrafts in a new study, published in the journal Nature. The researchers' findings serve as "compelling evidence" that the moon's feature "was formed in the wake of a mega volcanic eruption and not the location of a massive asteroid strike," as was previously thought, Discovery News reports.
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Zuber's research team determined that the basin's rock density suggested a "massive lava flow" rather than a "massive asteroid strike," Discovery News notes. The two GRAIL spacecrafts found that denser rock caused the moon's gravitational field to increase, which provided the researchers with information about the Procellarum basin's rock density. Zuber's team simulated volcanic intrusions and found that the structure beneath the basin exhibited a similar rock density.
The team concluded that after the moon was formed, molten rock was forced out of the moon's interior. This, in turn, created the basin as the moon's crust was fractured and its surface contracted as the magma escaped. But even though the basin may not have been the result of an asteroid's impact, the team hasn't ruled out the possibility that the magma plume was caused by an asteroid hitting the moon.
"How such a plume arose remains a mystery," Zuber told Discovery News. "It could be due to radioactive decay of heat-producing elements in the deep interior. Or, conceivably, a very early large impact triggered the plume. But in the latter case, all evidence for such an impact has been completely erased. People who thought that all this volcanism was related to a gigantic impact need to go back and think some more about that."
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