European foreign ministers are meeting in Brussels today to discuss implementing wider sanctions against Russia. The country has faced widespread international condemnation amid accusations that flight MH17 was shot down by Moscow-backed Russian separatists in Donetsk.
The EU will expand the list of people and businesses who will face sanctions. The measures are expected to target individuals who "materially or financially" support actions that "undermine or threaten Ukraine's sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence", the BBC reports.
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Actions that could be taken include asset freezes and travel bans. The extended list is expected to be released by the end of July.
"Phase three" sanctions would go even further and target entire sectors of the Russian economy, especially energy and finance. Such broad economic sanctions would need to be approved by heads of state and cannot be passed at today's meeting. But several EU countries are hoping to "to lay the groundwork for such an escalation", the Financial Times reports.
Who is in favour?
David Cameron has called for "hard-hitting" sanctions against Russia. Cameron is supported by Poland and several Baltic states in his call for stronger action.
Cameron told parliament that "Russia cannot expect to continue enjoying access to European markets, European capital, European knowledge and technical expertise while she fuels conflict in one of Europe’s neighbours", the FT reports.
The US has already implemented tough sanctions against Vladimir Putin's inner circle and Barack Obama said Russia's actions should serve as a "wake-up call for Europe".
Who is opposed?
Cameron said there was a "reluctance" from certain EU leaders to push for more decisive action, mentioning France's valuable military trade with Russia. A French official told the FT that France would continue to honour it contracts with Russia, despite Cameron's calls.
Germany also has strong export links with Russia and is a large importer of the country's oil and gas. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has urged "restraint" in implementing sanctions. The Netherlands and Italy are also heavily reliant on Russian gas.
Will they work? What could the consequences be?
Leaders hope that by implementing economic sanctions, Russia will be forced to de-escalate the fighting in eastern Ukraine by ending its active military and financial support of Russian separatist rebels in the area.
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev insisted sanctions would be ineffective and would simply "fuel anti-Western and anti-European sentiment in Russia". Some European governments are wary of potential retaliation from Moscow, Reuters reports.
The BBC's Europe editor Gavin Hewitt warns that targeting Russia's energy exports countries could destabilise the eurozone's fragile recovery.
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