Western Europe is experiencing a heat wave that has caused over 50 deaths in France alone. These unprecedented high temperatures, which can affect human, animal and plant health, as well as several industries, are due to a weather phenomenon known as an omega block.
What’s an omega block? The weather pattern forms the shape of the Greek letter Ω, with a “bulge of warmer, settled high pressure held between two cooler low-pressure systems,” said Reuters. The high-pressure warmth is “blocked” by the low-pressure systems around it. As a result, “hot, still air gets lodged over the same area.” This high pressure also “suppresses cloud formation, resulting in sunny skies.” Omega blocks usually last between three and 10 days but can go on for longer.
With the current omega block, a “surge of hot, dry air from North Africa has become trapped in the atmosphere over parts of Europe,” said Time. France “recorded its hottest day since records began nearly 80 years ago,” said CBC. In Paris, temperatures hit a June record of 105.62 F.
Germany, Italy, Spain and the U.K. are also experiencing temperatures much hotter than normal. Across most of Western Europe, this month has been “warming faster than any other month,” said an analysis by World Weather Attribution. “Extreme heat is already reaching the limits of our societies’ ability to cope.”
How will heat affect the future? Scientists have “not yet agreed upon how climate change is affecting the frequency of blocking events,” said Reuters. But the “consensus is clear” that climate change is “increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves.”
While temperatures are increasing everywhere, Europe is “heating up twice as fast as the global average,” said the BBC. And the current heat wave is the “most severe and widespread” to have “ever affected this large a region” on the continent, said Theodore Keeping, an extreme weather research associate at Imperial College London, to The Guardian.
Extreme heat, especially when mixed with high humidity, poses “risks for public health and infrastructure, as well as transport, energy and water supply,” said Time. Many industries, including tourism, have been impacted. The Eiffel Tower and the Louvre, for instance, “announced early closing times,” said CBC.
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