Why scurvy is on the rise
Cost of living and poor dietary choices are fuelling the comeback of a condition associated with the Age of Sail

Almost 300 years after naval surgeon James Lind discovered that citrus juice was an effective remedy for scurvy, the vitamin deficiency is experiencing a resurgence.
Writing in the BMJ Case Reports journal, doctors from the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital in Perth, Australia said scurvy is a "re-emerging diagnosis". The report came after the doctors at the hospital treated a middle-aged man with an unknown condition who had had "weight loss gastric bypass surgery eight years earlier", said ABC News. The patient "hardly ate any fruit and vegetables" and "survived mainly on processed foods", said The Times, leading to a scurvy diagnosis. Despite exhibiting a rash and pains characteristic of scurvy, the diagnosis was not "immediately obvious" as hospitals don't routinely test for the condition.
What is scurvy?
Scurvy is a condition caused by a lack of vitamin C, a "very key nutrient for the human body" which helps protect cells and support proper growth, healing, and other important functions, said Popular Science. A period of several months with insufficient vitamin C can produce symptoms including "general weakness, anaemia, gum disease, poor wound healing, and skin haemorrhages". Left untreated, it can become fatal.
Subscribe to The Week
Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.

Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
Scurvy is commonly associated with the Age of Sail, killing millions of sailors between the 16th and 18th centuries due to a lack of access to fresh fruit and vegetables during long sea voyages. After the beneficial effect of citrus fruit was confirmed in the late 18th century, navies regularly issued lemon or lime juice to prevent and treat scurvy. Modern-day patients will be given vitamin C supplements as well as "folic acid and multivitamins", said ABC News. Following a more vitamin-rich diet thereafter will stop a recurrence.
Why are cases on the rise?
With "abundant vitamin C in our modern food supply" scurvy had been considered an archaic disease, and often slipped under the radar of doctors, wrote Professor Lauren Ball on The Conversation.
Numerous factors are potentially fuelling a scurvy resurgence, notably nutrient-deficient diets. Many people struggling with the cost of living "rely heavily on processed, nutrient-poor foods" because they are often cheaper and more convenient. Isolation or disability can also be a factor. A recent case in Canada involved a 65-year-old woman "limited by mobility issues" and with "little in the way of outside support" who contracted scurvy because of her restricted diet, said Popular Science.
There are signs that economic and social pressures are leading to a slight increase in scurvy cases in developed countries, but in the developed world the condition is still "generally rare", said the magazine.
What about in the UK?
Almost 11,000 people were hospitalised in England in 2022 for conditions linked to malnutrition, according to The Times in 2023. Of those, 171 were treated for scurvy, while 482 people were treated for rickets (caused by a vitamin D deficiency), the majority of them children.
These conditions disproportionately affect poorer people and in the cases of scurvy were "indicative of the inadequate 'tea and toast' diet" of older people who are "unable to afford fresh fruits and vegetables" and may be hampered from frequent shopping by limited mobility.
What can be done?
While there is no programme to combat scurvy directly, the UK is facing a wider "epidemic of poor diets, food insecurity and poverty", particularly in children, said The Guardian.
However, the key to warding off conditions such as scurvy in the long term includes "education, national dietary guidelines, and making fresh fruit and vegetables more affordable", the doctors in the BMJ Case Reports journal concluded.
Sign up for Today's Best Articles in your inbox
A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com
Richard Windsor is a freelance writer for The Week Digital. He began his journalism career writing about politics and sport while studying at the University of Southampton. He then worked across various football publications before specialising in cycling for almost nine years, covering major races including the Tour de France and interviewing some of the sport’s top riders. He led Cycling Weekly’s digital platforms as editor for seven of those years, helping to transform the publication into the UK’s largest cycling website. He now works as a freelance writer, editor and consultant.
-
5 worm-ridden cartoons about RFK. Jr and the CDC
Cartoons Artists take on vaccine advisers, medical quackery, and more
-
Will 2027 be the year of the AI apocalypse?
A 'scary and vivid' new forecast predicts that artificial superintelligence is on the horizon A 'scary and vivid' new forecast predicts that artificial superintelligence is on the horizon
-
Crossword: June 15, 2025
The Week's daily crossword puzzle
-
Climate change can impact our gut health
Under the radar The gastrointestinal system is being gutted
-
Kennedy ousts entire CDC vaccine advisory panel
speed read Health Secretary RFK Jr. is a longtime anti-vaccine activist who has criticized the panel of experts
-
'Poo pills' and the war on superbugs
The Explainer Antimicrobial resistance is causing millions of deaths. Could a faeces-filled pill change all that?
-
Orthorexia nervosa: when clean eating goes too far
The Explainer Being healthy is fine, but obsessing over it is dangerous
-
Children's breakfast cereals are getting more unhealthy
Under the radar Your kids may be starting their day with more than a spoonful of sugar
-
The marvelous powers of mucus
The Explainer It's snot just a pesky cold symptom
-
The New World screwworm is making a deadly comeback
The explainer The parasite is spreading quickly
-
A happy gut is a healthy gut. These 5 tips aim to help you achieve that goal.
The Week Recommends A healthy gut is all the rage in wellness circles