Pervez Musharraf: military dictator who became a valued US ally
Divisive army chief worked with President Bush to take on the Taliban after 9/11

Of all Pakistan’s leaders since independence, none has “so divided opinion” as General Pervez Musharraf, who seized power in a bloodless coup in 1999, said The Guardian. To some, he was just another “ruthless military dictator” who allowed radical religious parties to flourish, “to clip the ambitions” of secular ones opposed to his military rule; to others, he was a “man of vision”, a whisky-drinking liberal seeking to turn nuclear-armed Pakistan into a beacon of what he called “enlightened moderation”.
It was abroad, however, that he enjoyed most acclaim. Under his leadership, the country evolved from “rogue state” to valued ally in the “war on terror” that followed the 9/11 attacks; and during Musharraf’s decade in office, the US provided Pakistan with $1bn a year in mostly military aid. But at home, where anti-US sentiment ran deep, and ties to Afghanistan, and the Taliban, were strong, he was denounced as Washington’s lackey, said The New York Times. At the same time, US officials were frustrated by his perceived reluctance to crush jihadist groups with bases in Pakistan, and the suspicion (later confirmed) that Osama bin Laden was actually hiding out there. Musharraf liked to describe himself as a skilled tightrope walker; but ultimately, he fell off the line.
Taking power in Pakistan
Pervez Musharraf was born into a middle-class Muslim family in Delhi in 1943. During partition in 1947, his parents fled to Karachi, the capital of the newly created Pakistan. His father joined the diplomatic service, and they spent several years in the Republic of Turkey. Aged 18, Musharraf enrolled in a military academy. He then joined, and later led, an elite commando unit.
Subscribe to The Week
Escape your echo chamber. Get the facts behind the news, plus analysis from multiple perspectives.

Sign up for The Week's Free Newsletters
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
From our morning news briefing to a weekly Good News Newsletter, get the best of The Week delivered directly to your inbox.
In 1998, the then prime minister Nawaz Sharif appointed him head of the army; he is said to have thought that as a Muhajir, an émigré from India, Musharraf would not be able to rally enough support in the military to pose a threat to him. But a year or so later, Musharraf got wind of the fact that the PM was trying to fire him, for his role in a disastrous incursion into Indian-controlled Kashmir. As he flew back from Sri Lanka, his plane was denied permission to land in Pakistan; but instead of diverting to India, as instructed, he urged his generals to seize the airport, and on landing, he took power.
A dangerous game-player
At home, his takeover was broadly accepted as a welcome alternative to Sharif’s corrupt and inept administration, said The Times. He said his focus would be on repairing the economy, and he won plaudits among liberals for boosting women’s rights. But he reneged on a promise to restore civilian rule, and in 2001 he made himself president. Following the 9/11 attacks, Washington made it plain that it expected Pakistan to turn on the Taliban, and support the Nato mission in neighbouring Afghanistan. Musharraf complied – but it was widely suspected that he was playing a double game, fighting extremism while also supporting the Taliban, which, his critics said, led to a violent insurgency in the country.
In 2007, with opposition to his rule mounting, he suspended the chief justice, and imposed martial law. Soon after, former PM Benazir Bhutto, who had returned from exile to fight a national election, was assassinated, sparking violent protests across the country. Widely blamed for failing to give Bhutto enough security, Musharraf resigned and fled to London. When he went back to Pakistan in 2013, he was charged with high treason. Three years later, he left the country to seek medical help, never to return.
Sign up for Today's Best Articles in your inbox
A free daily email with the biggest news stories of the day – and the best features from TheWeek.com
-
Scientists want to fight malaria by poisoning mosquitoes with human blood
Under the radar Drugging the bugs
By Devika Rao, The Week US Published
-
Crossword: March 31, 2025
The Week's daily crossword
By The Week Staff Published
-
Sudoku medium: March 31, 2025
The Week's daily medium sudoku puzzle
By The Week Staff Published
-
'Like a sound from hell': Serbia and sonic weapons
The Explainer Half a million people sign petition alleging Serbian police used an illegal 'sound cannon' to disrupt anti-government protests
By Abby Wilson Published
-
The arrest of the Philippines' former president leaves the country's drug war in disarray
In the Spotlight Rodrigo Duterte was arrested by the ICC earlier this month
By Justin Klawans, The Week US Published
-
Pakistan train hostage standoff ends in bloodshed
Speed Read Pakistan's military stormed a train hijacked by separatist militants, killing 33 attackers and rescuing hundreds of hostages
By Peter Weber, The Week US Published
-
Ukrainian election: who could replace Zelenskyy?
The Explainer Donald Trump's 'dictator' jibe raises pressure on Ukraine to the polls while the country is under martial law
By Sorcha Bradley, The Week UK Published
-
Why Serbian protesters set off smoke bombs in parliament
THE EXPLAINER Ongoing anti-corruption protests erupted into full view this week as Serbian protesters threw the country's legislature into chaos
By Rafi Schwartz, The Week US Published
-
The resurgence of the Taliban in Pakistan
Under the Radar Islamabad blames Kabul for sheltering jihadi fighters terrorising Pakistan's borderlands
By Harriet Marsden, The Week UK Published
-
Who is the Hat Man? 'Shadow people' and sleep paralysis
In Depth 'Sleep demons' have plagued our dreams throughout the centuries, but the explanation could be medical
By The Week Staff Published
-
Why Assad fell so fast
The Explainer The newly liberated Syria is in an incredibly precarious position, but it's too soon to succumb to defeatist gloom
By The Week UK Published