How Shein bucked the trend for sustainable fashion

Shein is set for a £50 billion stock market flotation, making it one of the biggest in the history of the London Stock Exchange.

Both the government and Labour have held talks with the online fashion brand, which was set up in Nanjing in China but is now based in Singapore, to try to persuade it to float in the UK amid intense interest from New York and Paris.

The company could file for an initial public offering (IPO) as soon as this week, said Bloomberg UK. And doing so in the UK would be a "much-needed milestone for ministers and City chiefs who have been battling to restore London's status as a global listing venue after a series of blows", said The Times.

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The business model

Launched in 2008, the "ultra-fast" fashion retailer has seen its popularity explode over the past decade. It has expanded rapidly around the world while buying up many of its rivals. For Gen Z shoppers – those under 30 – Shein is now "the hottest ticket in town", said Retail Gazette, after it officially became the largest fashion retailer in the world in 2022. That year, it reported £18.9 billion in revenue.

The Shein business model revolves around "low-cost, throwaway items that are constantly being marked down," said The Independent. 

With roughly 10,000 new products released per day, its "entire premise is based on fashion being disposable, the implication being: here, buy these very cheap and often poorly made clothes, wear them once, then buy something else. And as wild as that may seem to some, it's a modus operandi that is clearly working."

Young shoppers in particular have been "enticed away from rivals such as Boohoo and Asos thanks to ultra-cheap prices" that include less than £3 for a top or £4 for a dress, said This Is Money.

"First and foremost, Shein is a tech company not a fashion brand," said fair fashion campaigner Venetia La Manna. "It uses highly advanced SEO, which means it can quickly react to trends and churn [clothes] out quickly."

It has pioneered the use of so-called "haul" videos on platforms such as TikTok and Instagram, where content creators and brand influencers buy masses of clothing and try them on for their fans. At the same time, Glossy magazine reported on how Shein has "seized the opportunity to allow many young designers – who lack accessibility into the industry – to sell their designs on its e-commerce site and take part in dedicated programs, TV shows and catwalks".

Fast fashion vs. sustainability

What makes Shein's success all the more remarkable is that it has come in the face of intense scrutiny over its working conditions, human rights record and carbon footprint amid a wider trend towards sustainable fashion.

The retailer has launched a roadmap to "accelerate" its "journey towards a sustainable future accessible to all". Last month, it announced its "first-ever entirely deadstock collection" featuring new pieces crafted out of leftover fabrics.

"This is the start of a new sustainable era for the label's sourcing practices," said Bustle, part of a drive "to cut their carbon footprint by at least 25% by 2030".

The problem, said Drew Afualo, a TikTok influencer with more than six million followers who has faced online backlash for partnering with Shein, is that "not everyone can afford to shop sustainably".

"Sustainable fashion is a privilege," wrote Afualo, hitting upon a truth that for many the cost and speed offered by the brand outweighs any ethical or moral concerns.

"Shein is soaring in popularity because people still refuse to grasp that cheap clothing comes at a very steep price to other humans and our planet," said Aja Barber, author of "Consumed". "It is now the biggest ultra-fast fashion retailer in the world and it's all about taking market share. And it's a scary vision we're hurtling towards."