Who's going to win the midterms?

A donkey and an elephant. — (Image credit: Illustrated | Getty Images)

It's the question on everyone's minds: Which party will prevail in the 2022 midterms? Will it be the Democrats, desperate to hold onto their congressional majorities despite a historically likely loss? Or will it be the Republicans, eager to capitalize on rising prices and President Biden's low approval ratings? It's a landscape that might mold and morph a million times before election day, especially if Democrats continue their recent string of legislative wins, or the economy takes an inflation-related dip.

Below, we'll take a look at the current state of play — and offer up some analysis as to how certain policies, issues, and initiatives could affect the race, if at all.

Is the red wave … back? Though it seemed like Democrats might actually avoid the typical midterms walloping, the GOP is once again making gains among voters, likely emboldened by recent inflation data, a depressed stock market, and the possibility of higher gas prices following OPEC production cuts. Historically speaking, the minority party in government almost always makes gains in a first-term president's first midterm election, and updated surveys appear to support that precedent: A New York Times and Siena College poll conducted between Oct. 9 and Oct. 12 found that 49 percent of likely voters plan to vote for a Republican for Congress on Nov. 8, versus 45 percent who plan to vote for a Democrat. That's notably "an improvement for Republicans" since the September poll, when Democrats held a one-point edge among likely voters," the Times writes before noting the October figures are rounded and therefore closer to a 3-point margin than 4. But overall, "the conditions that helped Democrats gain over the summer" — like anger over gun violence and abortion — "no longer seem to be in place," the Times notes. By some estimations (at least Politico's and FiveThirtyEight's), the race for Senate control remains a toss-up. But it's different over in the House, where Republicans are still favored to win.

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Whether it's gas, groceries, or rent, rising prices are currently top of mind for every American. In fact, inflation was the number one voter-cited issue in the Times/Siena College poll from early October (and yet another hot inflation report for September, which is likely to be followed by another interest rate increase from the Federal Reserve, doesn't help). "The share of likely voters who said economic concerns were the most important issues facing America has leaped since July, to 44 percent from 36 percent — far higher than any other issue, the Times estimates. "And voters most concerned with the economy favored Republicans overwhelmingly, by more than a two-to-one margin." That consensus aligns with the results of an NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll conducted between Aug. 29 and Sept. 1, which found Republicans to have "a 39 percent to 26 percent advantage over Democrats when people are asked who would be better at handling the economy," NPR reports. Not to mention that 57 percent of those surveyed, including 63 percent of independents, believe Biden's initiatives have ultimately weakened the economy.

Reproductive rights have found their way onto the ballot this election season after a June Supreme Court ruling overturned federal abortion protections as established under 1973's Roe v. Wade. Democrats have remained hopeful that the decision, which they've widely decried, will galvanize voters at the ballot box, and encourage them to push back on what the party has described as GOP-led attacks on the rights of birthing individuals. Republicans, meanwhile, while initially loud in their support of the ruling (which returns the issue of abortion to the states), have begun somewhat backing off the related rhetoric, worried they might alienate an average conservative or independent voter with a more extreme-sounding talking point.

Though the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision initially injected urgency into the November contests, leading "some in the GOP to brace for a much closer fight this fall than expected," per The Washington Post, a lot of that chutzpah has since faded. Democrats are still running on the issue, but the people that really care about it "were probably largely voting to begin with," Republican strategist Derek Ryan told The Texas Tribune. "They were probably already engaged" and "taken … into the equation, if you will." Similarly, Danielle Kurtzleben told NPR's All Things Considered that, while enthusiasm around abortion rights remains "very strong among the people who care," it's "hard to imagine Democrats swinging someone over to their side on this."

Even Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) is concerned about the party's myopia with abortion, urging Democrats to campaign on issues lest they push away voters more concerned about the economy. "It bothers me, bothers me very much that Republicans in poll after poll are actually leading in terms of how people feel each party will respond to the economy, when in fact the Republicans have nothing to say for working families on the economy," Sanders told Vanity Fair on Monday afternoon. "A woman's right to control her own body" is on the line, yes, "but we're also dealing with some very serious economic issues that have got to be addressed."

After lots and lots of gridlock, Senate Democrats back in July jammed through their flagship climate and health spending package, finally handing the party something shiny and new to brag about on the campaign trail. The Inflation Reduction Act, which is now law, includes roughly $369 billion in green initiatives, as well as multiple provisions to lower prescription drug costs for those on Medicare. The president can also now hang his hat on the bipartisan gun law, negotiated in the wake of multiple devastating mass shootings, and the cross-aisle CHIPS Act, which will bolster semiconductor manufacturing in the U.S. All in all, the spate of legislative achievements has afforded Democrats something to run on "while countering accusations of a do-nothing Congress," The New York Times muses.

Lest we forget, Biden at the end of August canceled $10,000 in federal student loan debt for borrowers making under $125,000 a year — a polarizing decision, sure, but one quite conveniently timed around the midterm elections. As for campaign material, the new policy afforded Republicans the chance to frame the forgiveness plan as an entitled, socialist bailout that could worsen inflation at taxpayers' expense, notes USA Today. The party was then handed even more ammo in late September when the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office released its estimate that the plan will cost the government about $400 billion.

Though surely Biden and the Democrats hoped the unprecedented cancelation would provide an election boon, particularly among young voters, the program did recently hit a snag: Applications are now "in limbo" after an appeals court halted the relief process while Republican-led legal challenges play out, per CBS News. Such a roadblock "may increase financial anxiety for borrowers especially as the student debt repayment hiatus, instituted during the pandemic, expires in December," the outlet notes. We'll see what kind of taste that leaves in voters' mouths.

The midterms are often treated as a referendum on the president and party in power, but after a recent FBI raid on Donald Trump's Florida mansion, they're now at least somewhat about the former president — perhaps to Republicans' dismay and detriment. Before the raid, the GOP had been "blessed with campaign gold," David Drucker wrote for The Washington Examiner: With inflation up and Democrats shouldering the blame, it would have been all too easy for Republicans to ride an economy-focused platform to victory in November. But now the fallout from the raid "promises to keep a focus on Trump," rather than on issues and talking points Republicans could actually use to win, Mark Niquette wrote for Bloomberg. "If Republicans veer right and abandon inflation for Trump the persecuted, their critical advantage with independents could shrink, in some cases enough to cost them dearly," Drucker added.

There's also the chance most GOP voters won't care about the investigation against Trump and will instead find themselves all the more motivated to turn out and vote red. "Some people are mad over Mar-a-Lago. But I think most of it is going to be about how it impacts your family," Sen. Rick Scott (R-Fla.) said of his current read on the midterms, as quoted by Insider. "I think the FBI revved up the [GOP] base — by doing the raid and not telling anyone why they did it."

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Brigid Kennedy worked at The Week from 2021 to 2023 as a staff writer, junior editor and then story editor, with an interest in U.S. politics, the economy and the music industry.