Will South African President Jacob Zuma be impeached?

South Africa's opposition has filed a motion to have President Jacob Zuma impeached after the nation's highest court ruled that he had violated the constitution.

In a damning verdict likely to have far-reaching political consequences, the Constitutional Court declared that the president failed to "uphold, defend and respect" the nation's constitution.

Yesterday's judgment relates to Zuma's failure to return state funds used to improve his rural residence. The ruling African National Congress (ANC) responded to the verdict with a short statement saying it welcomed and accepted the court's judgement.

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Zuma's final term as president doesn't end until 2019 – but a growing number of people want to see him removed from office long before then.

How did he get here?

The political saga started six years ago, with upgrades to Zuma's Nkandla mansion in the KwaZulu-Natal province.

The 73-year-old leader insisted that the money was being spent on security upgrades, but his lawyer has since admitted that improvements included a swimming pool, amphitheatre and cattle enclosure.

In 2014, an investigation by the public protector estimated that the total cost to the South African taxpayer totalled £15m.

"Zuma's primary sin wasn't that he had the state upgrade his homestead, but that he covered it up; that he denied that he knew about it or asked for it;" Max Du Preez writes for News24.

The court case was brought by the Democratic Alliance (DA), the country's main opposition group, as well as the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), a socialist party that splintered off the ANC.

Zuma has suffered numerous scandals in recent years and has become increasingly unpopular with voters. His approval rankings have plummeted from 64 per cent in 2011 to 36 per cent this year.

His decision to fire Nhlanhla Nene, the country's respected finance minister, triggered nationwide protests and saw the rand nose-dive in December. "The episode solidified his reputation for capricious decision-making," says The Economist.

Zuma's cosy relationship with a prominent Indian business family, the Guptas, has given his critics further ammunition.

What did the court rule?

In a unanimous judgement, the court ruled that Zuma had flouted the constitution by not reimbursing the state and ordered him to pay back a portion of the costs. The judges also pointed the finger at the ANC-dominated parliament for failing to hold the president to account.

Delivering the verdict, chief justice Mogoeng Mogoeng told public officials to remember that the law is the "sharp and mighty sword that stands ready to chop the ugly head of impunity from its stiffened neck".

The ruling has been widely viewed as welcome proof of the judiciary's independence and the health of the country's young democracy. "It has shown that it will protect the public from the abuse of power and will not be a political crony of the government," says the BBC's Milton Nkosi.

So are his days numbered?

Under South African law, a president can be impeached in the event of a serious violation of the constitution or the law, serious misconduct, or inability to perform functions of the office. The ruling party can also file a vote of no confidence in the leader.

But as the Rand Daily Mail points out, the question then becomes what kind of breach warrants impeachment. "Judgments on what 'serious' means are scant," it says. And even if a president is found to have made a serious breach, it doesn't automatically mean he will be ousted from power.

"Impeachment is a political process, not a legal one," political analyst Steven Friedman told the Independent Online. So with a two-thirds parliamentary majority needed to get rid of Zuma, the decision ultimately lies with the ANC.

"It is very difficult to see how the ANC can continue to have President Zuma at the helm," says Nkosi.

Friedman disagrees, arguing that there is little appetite within the party to oust their leader. The real threat to Zuma's presidency is the upcoming local government elections, he says.

Professor Joleen Steyn Kotze, a political studies lecturer at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, issued a similar warning.

"Zuma is the face of the ANC, he is on every billboard and poster," she said. "The ANC will have to make some tough decisions."