A few years before astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set foot on the moon in 1969, two NASA officials went shopping in Houston for chronograph watches that could withstand the extremes of temperature in space. Only the Speedmaster passed the rigorous tests and was worn by Aldrin when he stepped onto the surface of the moon. A year later, on Apollo XIII, the Speedmaster excelled itself. After an explosion on the service module damaged the power supply, the crew had to shut down all power circuits and move into the lunar module. Commander James Lovell used his Speedmaster to time the firing of the rockets that ensured safe re-entry to the earth’s atmosphere for the spaceship. The Speedmaster earned the name Moonwatch and its inscription, ‘The first and only watch to be worn on the moon’ is that rarest of things: an advertising truth.
Man landed a watch on the moon, but taking one to the depths of the ocean appeared to be more of a challenge. The main problem for watchmakers is that the deeper you go, the more the pressure rises, adding additional strains to the watch. However, Bell & Ross developed a unique solution to this problem in their innovative Hydromax. The company used a patented oil inside the watch, and the Hydromax also features a rubber plate on the back of the watch that expands and retracts according to the depth and pressure levels. Tests proved the watch’s resistance at 1110 bar, which is equivalent to depths of 11,100m. This record-breaking watch can be taken down to the very depths of the seabed.
In 1938, Italian instrument maker Officine Panerai delivered the first ever divers’ watch to the Italian Navy, designed for the exclusive use of underwater commandos. Panerai continues to make watches to exacting specifications, such as those of South African adventurer Mike Horn, who undertook a two-year, 12,500 mile non-motorised journey around the Arctic Circle in 2002. Officine Panerai designed a watch, the Luminor Arktos, especially for the expedition. The timepiece features the four points of the compass on a turning bezel that enabled Horn to locate North by the local time on his watch. It is also anti-magnetic, encased in soft iron, and able to withstand temperatures of -70°C. The watch also has a celebrated crown guard and is water resistant to 300m.
In 1937, before the days of the international jet set, when travel was usually by steam ship, Patek Philippe set out to create a watch that would allow the wearer to know the time in two or more locations. This stunning watch has stood the test of time with production by the company continuing for over 70 years. The cities of the world are displayed around the outer edge of the dial, and by pushing a button at the 10 o’clock position, the wearer can adjust the time to the city of arrival. This action spins the cities on the outer ring to the 12 o’clock position, and the hands on the dial then automatically reset to tell the time in the required destination. So with the World Time watch you know where you are, and when.
Part digital watch and part survival instrument, the Breitling Emergency’s main feature for pilots and explorers is the antenna housed at the base of the watch. If pulled, it emits the international distress frequency. Quentin Smith and Steve Brooks were to find out exactly how useful it would be when their helicopter crash-landed 100 miles from Antarctica. Stranded in a life raft, they faced 35ft-high waves, poor visibility and freezing waters. After several hours, an aircraft flew over and would have missed them but for the distress signal. Smith later said that he felt strangely reassured that as long as the Emergency was emitting its beep-beeps, there was a chance they’d be rescued. Breitling released an updated version – the Emergency II – in 2014, operating on dual frequencies: the original 121.5 MHz homing and rescue frequency, and the 406 MHz frequency intended for satellites.
When Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay conquered Mount Everest in 1953, they took the latest Rolex Oyster models to a new high – 8,848m to be precise. Rolex was inspired by this unique achievement to develop a commemorative Oyster model, the Explorer, and this began a tradition at Rolex of supporting exploration and the discovery of the unknown. Flying the high-altitude flag today is one of Rolex’s ambassadors, American mountaineer Ed Viesturs, who has climbed 14 of the world’s highest peaks, all over 8,000m, without using supplementary oxygen. Viesturs always starts his descent no later than 2pm because, as he says in his book, ‘getting up is optional, getting down is mandatory’.
Ian Thorley says when he was 18 he travelled to India on his own, taking along his Timex quartz-powered watch. He discovered if he turned his watch upside down, the hands indicated the time in the UK, so he could put in that reassuring call to his parents at an hour that wasn’t ungodly.
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